Official development assistance is recognized as significant instruments of Japanese statecraft: a tool of economic leverage to compensate for the lack of over military capability. As most two important economic entities in the region, Japan is confronted with the need to strengthen economic ties with China and Southeast Asia, while overcoming decades of lingering past imperial memories. This study focused on Japan’s national image from the view of Japan’s aid providing. To discuss why there existed two different national image in Southeast Asia and in China. The study suggest that Japan’s national image is not always positively view by Southeast Asia countries and even been criticized in a long period of time for its “too narrow to focused on the national interest”. However through decades of development Japan’s aid to Southeast Asia were consider more and more positive in protecting human rights, poverty reduction and enhancing global economy. On the other hand, While Japan had constructed an advance, democratic and pacifism national image in Southeast Asia, the situation in China is more complex, Japan ODA to China was regarded as political symbol of China-Japan friendship but was not really been touched and recognized by general Chinese people. The China’s ODA case will use a two-leave game theory to explain the interaction between two Chinese and Japanese government.