The dangerous climate change has become one of the common concerns in the world. How to implement the global climate governance to address climate change, particularly global warming has become an important issue. Climate change is not only an environmental matter, but also combined with political and economic matters. In the framework of global climate governance, this paper takes the European Union Greenhouse Gas Emissions Trading Scheme (EU ETS) as an example to deeply research the role of the EU in the environmental governance area. The EU ETS is the biggest and the most typical emissions trading scheme in the world, which is established on the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) and Kyoto Protocol as well as other related protocols. Furthermore, it promotes the EU member states to complete the task of reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and gradually forms a GHG emissions trading market. The EU ETS is currently in the third trading period. Since the EU ETS has been started, it has made some great achievements in reducing GHG emissions. However, it also faces many problems and controversies. Key words. Global climate governance, GHG emissions, EU, EU ETS