Fully-balanced trend has become popular and drawn more and more extensive attention, mainly attributed to its enhanced immunity to the environmental noises/crosstalk. Balanced filters with improved functionalities are always highly desirable, particularly those with the intrinsic common-mode (CM) suppression which is extremely convenient for independent designing of differential-mode (DM) bandpass filter (BPF), e.g., as described as the proposed coplanar stripline (CPS) - based ones in this thesis. Therefore, the objective of this thesis is to propose and to develop a series of advanced CPS-based structures and further investigate their applications in microwave balanced modules/circuits with intrinsic CM suppression. Firstly, a kind of quasi-lumped CPS-based series resonators has been proposed with its inherent resonant characteristic. Its enlarged inductance and capacitance could be intuitively constructed by means of several variants. A second-order balanced filter is finally designed, confirming the quasi-lumped models and intrinsic CM suppression. Secondly, two types of CPS series-stub structures have been validated by a single- or a pair of dual-stub loading. Their desired resonant performances are satisfactorily achieved against the conventional dual-series-stub counterparts. Consequently, several wideband BPFs are in proper synthesis design, offering enhanced CPS-resonant robustness, reduced radiation loss, and flexible operating bandwidths. Thirdly, two CPS-based double-sided shunt stub structures have been put forward to prevent the enforced utilization of widen strips/gaps or extra air bridges. Circuit models for these shunt-stub structures are in detail investigated, so that one fifth- and one seventh-order balanced filters are successfully formed up with wideband DM filtering and intrinsic CM suppression, simultaneously. Fourthly, a class of wideband balanced-to-balanced microstrip-to-CPS transitions have been proposed with intrinsic CM suppression. With an effective experimental de- embedding approach, one third- and two distinctive fifth-order transitions are numerically extracted as a single component rather than an entire back-to-back one. These transitions are well characterized with their wideband balanced-type topologies, efficient synthesis design, and well-verified experimental de-embedding. At last, two CPS-based multiple-mode resonators along with their broadside- coupling sections have been studied mutually in duality. Furthermore, the constituted balanced filters are theoretically and experimentally verified with the help of the above-described transitions, firmly demonstrating that they indeed feature in multiple- mode DM resonance and intrinsic CM suppression.