Feasibility research on the regime of “entrapment” in Macao —— From the Perspective of Criminal Procedure Law Abstract “Entrapment” is a secret investigative measure of criminal justice, is an actual operation in criminal investigation process, but the legislation of entrapment regime is still a blank canvas in Macao Special Administrative Region. The discussion on usage of “entrapment” in society mainly focuses on administrative violations and is hard to find relative research on the scope of criminal proceedings. However, the operation of “entrapment” is widespread in neighboring areas of Macao and around the world, even the relevant legislative structure is quite sane. From the basic properties of “entrapment” departure, this paper will combine regimes of secret investigation in other regions and countries, discussing characteristics and legitimacy of this secret investigative measure, and the main reasons for its controversy, especially the considering between the existence of “entrapment” and the protection of human rights. This research will also analyze the feasibility of implementing the regime in existing judicial environment of Macao through non-intrusive research, comparative method and functional analysis method, and then propose countermeasures and suggestions to deal with related issues. This paper is mainly divided into four parts. After a brief introduction to the background, research direction, research significance and research methods of this article, the first part introduces the basic theories of secret investigation and “entrapment”. Since “entrapment” is a kind of secret investigative measure of secret investigation, it is necessary to clarify the relevant theoretical basis, and therefore brings out the cause of formation, characteristics and legitimacy of “entrapment”, also summarizes the point of controversy of the action of “entrapment”. Simultaneously, distinguishes between two types of “entrapment” which are “incitation of criminal intention” and “provision of crime opportunity” as well. The second part analyzes and compares the legal systems of the Mainland China, Taiwan of China and Portugal on the “entrapment”, tries to find a reference for building a relevant legal system in Macao through the investigation of research, legislation and implementation in other countries and regions. After analysis, the author believes that Macao has the feasibility of establishing a regime of “entrapment”, but only the type of “provision of crime opportunity”. For this kind of reasonable action of “entrapment”, it has given certain tolerance in other countries and regions. Although there are still lacks of legislative and supervisory procedures, in other countries and regions, basically adopt an attitude that “entrapment” should be considered legitimate, and also express the necessity and urgency of its legislation. The third part summarizes the current situation and feasibility of “entrapment” in Macao. Starting from the legal provisions of the existing secret investigation in Macao, this part elaborates on three single laws related to secret investigations in effect (respectively for drug crime, organized crime, fraud and corruption crimes) to discuss the legislative construction for the regime of “entrapment”, also relates to Macao’s own advantages and benefits of legislation in this area. At the same time, points out why Macao is unable to develop the related legislation and those obstacles that still exist. The fourth part makes relevant suggestions for the legislative construction about the regime of “entrapment” in Macao. On the foundation of the basic principles, besides discussing about the applicable conditions for the regime of “entrapment”, including the applicable subject and object of “entrapment”, the scope of application and the protection of the rights and interests of the investigators, also relates to applicable procedures of “entrapment”, and the legal consequences of improper “entrapment”. Then puts forward specific proposals to answer the problem of lagged legislation in Macao. Key words: entrapment, secret investigation, crime prevention, protection of human rights, legislative construction

澳門 "放蛇" 制度可行性之考量——以刑事訴訟法為視角 中文摘要 “放蛇”是刑事司法中的秘密偵查行爲，是刑事偵查過程中的一項實際操作， 然而，在澳門特別行政區，這一制度的立法方面仍是空白。社會上對於運用“放 蛇”的討論主要聚焦在行政違法方面，罕有刑事訴訟範疇的研究。然而，“放蛇” 行為普遍存在於澳門鄰近地區乃至世界各地，甚至相關的立法架構相當健全。本 論文的研究將結合其他國家和地區的秘密偵查制度，從“放蛇”的基本性質出發， 圍繞這一秘密偵查行爲的特徵與正當性作出探討，論述其存在爭議的主要原因， 引伸出“放蛇”行爲的存在與人權保護之間的思考，並通過非介入性研究、比較 法和功能分析法的研究方法，分析在現有澳門司法環境下實行該制度的可行性， 以及提出應對相關問題的對策和建議。 本論文主要分四個部分進行了論述。在簡要介紹了本文的選題背景、研究方 向、研究意義和研究方法之後，第一部分分別對秘密偵查和“放蛇”的基本理論 進行了概述，由於“放蛇”屬於秘密偵查的一種偵查方式，有必要釐清相關的理 論基礎，從而引伸出“放蛇”的形成原因、特徵和正當性，總結“放蛇”行爲存 在的爭議點，同時也區分了“犯意誘發型”和“機會提供型”的“放蛇”。 第二部分主要分析比較了中国內地、中国臺灣和葡萄牙關於“放蛇”方面的 法律制度，力求通過對其他國家和地區的研究、立法和實施情況的考察，找出於 澳門構建相關法制的參考。經過分析，筆者認爲澳門具有建立“放蛇”制度的可 行性，但僅限“機會提供型”的“放蛇”，對於這種合理的“放蛇”行爲，在其 他國家和地區都給予了一定的容許性，雖然在立法和監督程序方面還存在缺失，卻基本上都採取了應視爲正當化事由的態度，且皆表示出其立法的必要性和急迫 性。 第三部分介紹了“放蛇”在澳門的現狀及可行性運用。從澳門現存秘密偵查 的法律規定出發，詳細論述了澳門現行的三個有關秘密偵查的單行法（分別針對 毒品類犯罪、有組織犯罪和貪污欺詐犯罪）對構建“放蛇”制度的立法借鑒，以 及澳門本身具有的“放蛇”立法方面的優勢與益處，同時也指出爲何澳門遲遲無 法開展相關立法的原因和現時仍然存在的重重障礙。 第四部分提出了在澳門進行“放蛇”制度的立法構建的相關建議。在符合各 項基本原則的基礎上，對“放蛇”制度的適用條件，包括“放蛇”的適用主體、 適用對象、適用範圍和偵查人員的權益保障，“放蛇”制度的適用程序，以及不 當“放蛇”的法律後果進行了相關論述，並提出具體建議，期以解決澳門立法滯 後的問題。 關鍵字：放蛇，秘密偵查，預防犯罪，人權保障，立法構建