With the continuous development of society change, appeared a constitutional basic rights scope expansion trend, " the third person effect" theory of constitution is the trend of the typical representative. Whether the German Constitutional Law" the third person effect", or the United States of America 's "state action" theory, are in the different levels of recognition of basic rights of constitution in the private sphere of validity. While,in our country, which has been hailed as the" first case of the Constitutional Jurisdiction of China"--the case of Qi Yuling, also caused academia for a constitutional basic rights in the private sphere in the effectiveness of the widely discussed. How to correctly understand the effectiveness of basic right of the constitution, is the current legal theory and practice in the field is urgent needs to solve the problem. In this regard, constitutional law have to be on the related theories and system adjustment, in order to meet the need of the society; on the other hand should also keep the specification limits, ensure that the Constitution and the constitutional basic rights can in the appropriate context to play the greatest effectiveness. According to the characteristics, the constitution needs to be effectively applied in the judicial process, so as to make the constitution the fundamental rights of citizens to obtain the effective protection, but in the process of the application if the method of direct application, will lead to the constitution as a public law to private law intervention, and will be in danger of becoming a violation of fundamental rights. The indirect application of the third person effect theory, through the influence of the judicial interpretation of the common law, the constitution indirectly influences the degree of the protection of private rights, and can play a better role in protecting the basic rights of the individual. [Key words] Constitution Basic Right the Third Person Effect Private Law

隨著社會的不斷發展變化，出現了憲法基本權利適用範圍膨脹的趨势，憲法“第三人效力”理論便是這一趨势的典型代表。無論是德國的憲法“第三人效力”，還是美國的“國家行爲”理論，都在不同程度的承認憲法基本權利在私領域中的效力。而在我國，被喻爲中國“憲法司法化第一案”的--齊玉苓案，也引起了學界對於憲法基本權利在私領域中的效力的廣泛討論。對於如何正確認識憲法基本權利的效力，是當前法學理論和實踐領域迫切需要解決的問题。對此，憲法學一方面要對相關理論與制度進行調整，以適社會需要；另一方面也謹守憲法規範的界限，確保憲法和憲法基本權利能夠在適當的範圍内發揮出最大的效用。綜合憲法的特質，憲法需要在司法過程中得以有效適用，這樣才能使公民的各項憲法基本權利得到有效的保障，但是在適用過程中如果採取直接適用的方法，会導致惠法作爲公法對於私法領域的過度干预，並會有成爲侵犯基本權利的工具的危險。而憲法的第三人效力中的間接適用理論——憲法通過影響司法機構對普通法律的解釋，間接影響私權保護的程度，能在堅守公法與私法界限情况下，較好的發揮憲法保護個人基本權利的功效。 【關鍵詞】憲法，基本權利，第三人效力，私法