OBJECTIVES: This study aims to investigate family environment factors relation to preschool children’s the physical fitness level and motor development. METHODS: A stratified, random sample of 284 children age 4 to 5 in Guangdong Province participated in the study. Children’s physical fitness was assessed by the indictors listed in the National Physical Fitness Test Standards Manual—Preschool Version. Children’s motor proficiency were measured by the Movement Assessment i Battery for Children (2 nd). Other background information were collected through parental questionnaires. RESULTS: 1)Boys performed better than girls at upper and lower limbs strength, whereas girls performed better than boys at flexibility and balance; 2)Urban children performed better than rural children at fine motor skills, whereas rural children performed better than urban children at balance; 3)There is a significant positive correlation between physical fitness and motor development; 4)Parents' attitudes toward physical activity can positively predict children’s physical fitness level; and 5)Children who often participate in sports activities (such as basketball or football) have better motor skills compared to children who participate in leisure activities (such as playing balls or skipping). CONCLUSIONS: According to the urban/rural and gender differences of 4 to 5 years old children in Guangdong Province in relation to their level of physical fitness and motor development, professional and parents are recommended to adopt scientific methods to promote the positive development of children’s physical fitness and motor competence.

目的：調查學前兒童家庭環境因素與其體質和動作發展之間的關系。方法：抽 取廣東省 284 名 4~5 歲幼兒為研究對象。使用《國民體質測定標准手冊》（幼 兒部分）評估兒童的體質狀況，使用 The Movement Assessment Battery for Children—Second Edition 評估兒童的動作能力。其他數據通過家長問卷收集。 結果：1）男孩的上、下肢肌肉力量要好於女孩，而女孩的身體柔韌性和平衡能 力要好於男孩。2）城鎮兒童手部的精細動作能力要好於鄉村兒童，但鄉村兒童 的平衡能力要好於城市兒童。3)體質與動作發展存在顯著的正相關。4）家長對 體育活動的態度可以正向預測兒童的體質健康水平。5）經常參加競技體育類型 活動(如足球、籃球等)的兒童動作發展好於參加休閑遊戲類型（如拍皮球、跳繩 等）活動的兒童。結論：針對廣東省 4~5 歲幼兒城鄉和性別的差異，專業人員 和家長應采用科學的方法促進兒童體質和動作發展。