Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn, an aquatic plant, is a traditional medicine and is widely used in Asia. Dated back to the ancient times, lotus seed was considered to be one of the most nourishing food, which was broadly consumed by ancient Chinese. Nowadays, lotus seed is approved by the Chinese Ministry of Health as both food and medicine. According to the Chinese Pharmacopoeia, it is one of the most important drugs in traditional medicines which shows significant bioactivities and it is beneficial to epistaxis, pharyngopathy, haemoptysis, spermatorrhoea, metrorrhagia, hepatopathy and insomnia. . At present, several techniques and methods have been applied for the quality control of lotus seeds. This dissertation consists of four chapters. Chapter 1 is a review of Nelumbinis Semen which includes the chemical constituents, pharmacological activities and quality control techniques of lotus. Chapter 2 is about the analysis of bioactive alkaloids from lotus plumule. In this chapter, a fast and efficient microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) method was developed to extract the main alkaloids from lotus plumue. To optimize the MAE conditions, three main factors were selected by univariate approach experiments, and then central composite design (CCD) was employed. A high performance liquid chromatography coupled with diode array detector (HPLC-DAD) method was established to quantitatively and qualitatively analyze these phytochemicals. In chapter 3, sucrose, raffinose and stachyose were firstly separated and purified from lotus seeds by fast protein liquid chromatography coupled with refractive index detection (FPLC-RID). In chapter 4, Vanillin-HCl assay was employed to determine the content of procyanidins in fresh and dried Nelumbins Receptaculum that drying was conducted either under 60℃ or in the shade