The Panacis Japonici Rhizoma, Zhu-Jie-Shen in Chinses, is the dry rhizome of Panax japonicus C. A. Meyer (Araliaceae) and grows wild throughout Japan, the central and south-west region of China. Pharmacological studies demonstrated that the Panacis Japonici Rhizoma showed various pharmacological activities such as antiulcer,analgesic, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, immunoregulation and anticancer. This herbare rich in oleanane-type saponins and less of dammarane-type saponins, which is far different from the chemical compositions of saponins in other commonly used Ginseng herbal medicines (P. notoginseng, P. ginseng and P. quinquefolium). As part of a program to asses to the chemical and biological diversities of medicinal plants, on the basis of the research on resources and activities of this herb, the phytochemical investigation on the rhizome of Panax japonicus C. A. Mey in Hubei was carried on column chromatography, and nineteen compounds were isolated from the 95% ethanolic extract. On the basis of physicochemical properties and spectral data analysis, their structures were elucidated and identified as chikusetsusaponin IVa methyl ester (1), chikusetsusaponin IVa (2), chikusetsusaponin IV (3), oleanolic acid -28-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (4), chikusetsusaponin IV methyl ester (5), chikusetsusaponin V (6), pseudoginsenoside RT1(7), chikusetsusaponin V methyl ester (8), pseudoginsenoside RT1 methyl ester (9), oleanolic acid 3-O-β-D-glucuronopyranoside 6-O-butyl ester (10), oleanolic acid 3-O-β-D-glucuronopyranoside methyl ester (11), narcissiflorin 6 methyl ester (12), chikusetsusaponin IVa butyl ester (13), ginsenoside Rg1(14), ginsenoside Rb1(15), sucrous (16), methyl α-D-fructofuranoside (17) and uridine (18). Among them, compounds10-13 and 16-17were isolated from this plant for the first time. In this thesis, a quantitative analysis of multi-components with single-marker method for simultaneous quantification of six triterpenoid saponins including two dammarane-type triterpene saponins and four oleanane-type triterpene saponins in Panacis Japonici Rhizoma was developed. By using chikusetsusaponin IVa as internal reference substance, RCFs of other five saponins were calculated and systematically evaluated by investigating the influencing parameters including chromatographic conditions, standard solution concentration, chromatographic instrument and columns.