In 1902 the Qing government implement a reform movement intended to strengthen the state. This movement lasted as long as 11 years and involved reforms in many social aspects including politics, economy, education, and police. The police system, as a Western-style security force was also transferred into Xinjiang. During Late Qing Period, there were many obstacles for Xinjiang to tackle when it implemented new polices, so the Governor of Xinjiang was forced to set up police administration due to the serious social situations and pressure from the central government. With the victory of the 1911 Revolution, Yang Zenxin governed Xinjiang. In the period of his governing, with wars and civil upspring, the society was in turmoil. Therefore he conducted a number of reorganization on the police system in Xinjiang to gather the power of the police, and maintain local security. This paper tries to talk about the birth and growth of modern police force in Xinjiang and makes a comprehensive description and analysis of it. Key Words: Xinjiang, Modern police force, Late Qing dynasty and the Early Republic of China.