New public diplomacy is the vital auxiliary to traditional governmental diplomacy. In this globalizing world, diverse diplomatic subjects, channels and methods of new public diplomacy are significant in shaping an unharmful image and striving for a positive international surrounding for China’s development. The characteristics of China’s new public diplomacy indicate its current condition. By analyzing these features, this thesis aims to dig out the reasons embedded behind the achievements and deficiencies of China’s new public diplomacy. The existing literature is inefficient in analyzing the comprehensive causes from both the external and internal aspects. Therefore, the Neoclassical realistic framework and logic are adopted in this thesis. Media diplomacy, cultural diplomacy and “think tank”diplomacy are the most typical three cases in new public diplomacy. Through the qualitative methodologies including literature collecting, representative cases study, deduction and conclusion, this thesis answers the question of why China’s new public diplomacy shows characteristics like a great growth in recent years, difficulties in breaking through status quos, low competitiveness, and limited credibility and influence. This thesis focuses on triangulating the reasons from the dependent variables (external vulnerabilities) as well as intervening variables (state powers). Finally, it turns over to corroborate the feasibility of this framework in analyzing characteristics of China’s new public diplomacy.