This study adopted the well-being oriented approach in exploring factors that might contribute to successful aging. One hundred and sixty four elderly aged 65 and above from local senior activity centers, daycare centers, elderly homes, and residential areas participated in this survey study. Positive aging was measured through general self efficacy and personal resilience in two aspects: (a) cognitive self appraisal of life achievement, and (b) emotion evaluation on subjective happiness. The relationships among cultural, social, and personality variables (Chinese values, belongingness need satisfaction, openness to experience, perfectionism, and worry) with personal resilience, and with general self-efficacy were tested. Both general self-efficacy and the four facets of personal resilience (adaptability, determination, endurance and recuperability) were positively correlated with Chinese values, belongingness needs satisfaction, openness to experience, and perfectionism, and were predictors of life satisfaction and subjective happiness. Besides, general self-efficacy and adaptability in personal resilience were negatively correlated with neuroticism. The present study suggested general self-efficacy and resilience might have positive effects on successful aging.