A study about administrative contracts - administrative contracts or administrative licenses? - a case study of the Concession Contract signed with The Macao Water Supply Company [Fok Ka Meng] ([Master of Law in Chinese Language Program]) Supervision sby [TONG IO CHENG] Traditional governmental administrative departments rely on administrative authority as a means of power in its management. What it emphasizes is the dominance of the governmental authorities. Based on the functions of the modern administrative departments, the change of their social responsibilities and the expectations of the public in administrative democratization, administrative contracts as an effective way to manage national affairs has become a widespread and growing phenomenon of the modern state. The advantage of the administrative contract lies in the effective combination of state power and contract spirit. This thesis is divided into five parts. The first part is an overview of the Concession Contract of the Public Utility Service of Supplying Water in Macau SAR signed by The Macao Water Supply Company and the Government (referred to as "the Water Contract" thereafter). I have elaborated and evaluated the basic concept of the system from an historical point of view. In the second part, The legal nature of the Water Contract have been analyzed. To accomplish that, it is necessary to draw a distinction between an administrative contract and a private legal contract. Generally speaking, in the legal theory arena, administrative contracts are regarded as one of the contract types. I have analyzed the basic principles of a contract as well as the limitations when applying the basic principles of the contract under different circumstances. In the third part, The problem of the authority of the government when executing the Water Contract have been raised and the privilege of the government authority when exercising the special terms – through performing an administrative act. In the fourth part, having considered the various aspects of the administrative contract, there’s also another important element in fulfilling the operation of public services: administrative permit. In the fifth part, in light of the fact that the feasibility of an administrative permit have been mentioned, it’s important to discuss another form of achieving public benefit by 5 making use of a private entity - public enterprise. Analysis has been made about the legal system and stipulations of management of the Portuguese public enterprise prior to the handover. In this part, I have also analyzed one main existing public enterprise "The 4th East Asian Games Organizing Committee of Macao Co., Ltd." (Hereafter referred to as "the Committee"). This thesis aims to sort out and analyze the drawbacks and limitations of different forms of achieving public services through analyzing the administrative contracts relating to their implementation, in order to provide a useful referential system analysis, so as to provide some feasible ways and methods of achieving the operation of public services.

傳統的行政機關的管理依靠行政權力手段而為，它強調的是行政機關的主導 權。基於現代行政機關的職能、行政機關的社會責任的改變及公眾對行政民主化 的期望，行政合同作為一種有效的管理國家事務的方式已成為現代國家所具有的 一個普遍、日漸增長的現象。 而行政合同的優勢之處是在於公權力與合同精神的有效結合。 本論文主要有以下探討目標： 首先，以 2009 年澳門特別行政區與澳門自來水股份有限公司簽署的《延長 澳門特別行政區供水公共服務批給公證合同》作出切入點，先從歷史的角度對澳 門的供水現況及澳門供水專營批給合同制度的發展過程進行了梳理，以求尋找該 規則的立法線索和演變規律。 其次，具體分析上述供水專營批給合同的法律性質。為了作出上述分析，需 要先對行政合同與私法合同的區別。一般而言，在法學理論界中，均認為行政合 同是視為合同的其中一種類型。並對合同基本原則以及不同情況下合同基本原則 的限制適用進行分析。 再者，在上述供水專營批給合同中，由於行政機關的保有其公權力的身份， 體現出該份合同具有公共事業特許合同---行政合同的一種。在公共事業特許合同 中，行政當局在合同的執行時擁有的特權以及特權條款的行使---透過作出一行政 行為。接著，在考慮公共事業特許合同的多方面後，本文亦指出了履行公共服務 的另一切入點：行政準照。 最後既然我們有考慮過行政準照的可行性，另一方面利用私人實現公共利益 的方式是公營企業。並分析回歸前葡萄牙公營企業的管理的法律制度及具體規 定，在本文中，對一主要的澳門已存的公營機構“第四屆東亞運動會澳門組織委 員會股份有限公司＂（下稱“組委會＂）作出分析。 本文透過對行政合同中有關行政合同的執行進行之具體分析，對上述問題進 行梳理，研究各種不同的履行公共服務的方式可能存在的一些弊端及局限，以求 提供一個可具參考的體系性分析，進而在此分析基礎上對澳門現行法律中有關公 共服務的履行及提供指出一些可行的途徑及方法。 關鍵字：行政合同 公共事業特許合同 行政準照 公營機構