This study aims to investigate how worked example with different layout formats affect the learning performance and cognitive load of students with different learning achievements. A quasi-experimental design consisted of three experiments was adopted in this study. Participants were form 1 and form 2 students from a middle school in Macau. These experiments were carried out to compare different worked example learning models with different layout format of the worksheet paper. The first experiment was the comparison of the dense-layout and the moderate-layout, the second one was the comparison of the moderate-layout and the sparse-layout, and the third one was the repetition of the first experiment which was improved based on the first experiment. These experiments aim to investigate how the layout format affects the performance and cognitive load of students with different learning achievements in depth. After analyzing the data of three experiments, the following results were attained: (1) In case of the instructional content with high difficulty encountered by students, learners in the groups of moderate-layout and sparse-layout had better performance than that of dense-layout. (2) In case of the instructional content with low difficulty encountered by students, learners in the group of sparse-layout had less extraneous cognitive load than that of moderate-layout. However, it did not make significant different cognitive load between the groups of moderate-layout and dense-layout.

本研究探討了不同排版形式的解答範例對不同學習成就學生的學習表 現和認知負荷的影響。研究採用準實驗研究方法，選取澳門某中學初一和初 二的兩班學生進行了三次的實驗。三次實驗分別對不同排版形式的解答範例 學習模式進行比對，實驗一是緊密排版和適中排版的比對，實驗二是適中排 版和稀疏排版的比對，實驗三是實驗一的重複實驗，並對實驗一進行了改進。 通過此三個實驗，實施了對解答範例效應中的排版形式如何影響不同學習成 就學生的學習表現和認知負荷進行了深入的研究。 通過對三次實驗進行分析，研究得出以下結論： (1) 當學習者面對的教學內容難度較小時，適中、稀疏排版的解答範例 相比緊密排版更有利於學習者學習。 (2) 當學習者面對的教學內容難度較大時，稀疏排版相比適中排版的解 答範例更有助於減低學習者的外在認知負荷，而適中排版和緊密排 版的解答範例在認知負荷上則沒有顯著差異。 關鍵字：排版形式、認知負荷、解答範例效應、學習表現