澳門大學碩士學位論文 ABSTRACT Medicinal plants is the raw material of Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM) and botanical drug .Demand increase cause amount decrease and even encountered endangered. The medicinal plants conservation is the crux of industry sustainable development. The strategy both on medicinal plants conservation an industry sustainable development in under researched in the world. Macau's traditional health food, TCM product and all the TCM industry related business build up the certain scale of TCM industrial chain. The local industrial chain many are the middle reaches and downstream work such as TCM produce and sale, but deficient in the upstream work such as TCM good breed selection and breeding and also the raw material producing. Macau has a variety amount of medicinal plants could be the raw material of TCM and botanical drug product. Macau may try to develop the seed industry, seedling industry and cultivation industry of medicinal plant. The thesis object is base on Natural Resource Management and conforming to Macau's situation, study on the feasibility strategy to take care of both conservation and development according to the study method of literature and case study. Medicinal plants biodiversity conservation and industry development have according to Natural Resource Management to achieve the sustainable development of Ecological value, Economic value and Social value. The study analysis the medicinal plant biodiversity conservation and industry development among China, Japan and Taiwan as the reference, for example the TCM GAP base's standardized production in China, the "Medicinal Plant Factory" cultivation pattern under the land and medicinal plant resource restriction in Japan and the "Government-Industry-Learning-Research" Cooperation cultivation pattern of Biotechnology Industry form the complete industry iv 澳門大學碩士學位論文 chain in Taiwan. Chapter 4 analysis both medicinal plant resource conservation and industry development strategy in Macau, point out the conservation strategy such as in-situ conservation, ex-situ conservation and germplasm resources bank, and also the feasibility strategy of the seed industry, seedling industry and cultivation industry. The seed industry will refer to the American development pattern. The cultivation industry should follow up the Good Agriculture Practice, cultivate suitable planting South Chinese Medicine and woodland cultivated TCM through the GAP base selection. Under the restrictive factor as inferior quality germplasm and land deficiency in Macau, GAP base and woodland cultivated pattern should have to facing the risks of the poor environmental elements. The conclusion of Chapter 5 suggest the "Medicinal Plant Factory" is the more feasibility way to solving the problems on land resource and quality control restriction. Macau may try to develop the "Medicinal Plant Seedling Factory" pattern seedling industry, carry out the suitable centralized technology and small scale cultivated pattern, the medicinal plant test tube seedling industry. The discussion suggest that Macau could develop the medicinal industry as the procedures "Setting up the policies and regulations, fine germplasm screening, seed and seedling breeding, small scale industrial production implementation, technology transfer, large-scale industrial production cultivation, the local medicinal plant industrial development." And may refer to the government and the research institute in charge of the policy, germplasm conservation, technology development and producing implementation, then transfer the upstream research product to the downstream industrial field, continue to the product development with the "Government- Industry-Learning-Research" Cooperation industrial chain pattern.

澳門大學碩士學位論文 摘要 藥用植物是中藥和植物藥產業的原料,需求量的增加導致資源的減少甚至滅 絕,藥用植物資源保育是產業可持續發展關鍵問題,各地正研究藥用植物資源保 育及產業可持續發展的對策。 澳門的傳統保健食品、流通中藥產品及中藥產業相關行業共同構成了具一定 規模的中藥產業結構。本地中藥產業鏈工作多為中下游的中藥生產及產品銷售部 分,缺乏上游如中藥良種選育及原料生產工作。澳門擁有不少可作為中藥生產及 植物藥原料的藥用植物品種,可嘗試通過種源的選育,發展藥用植物種子產業、 種苗產業及栽培業。本論文的研究目的是嘗試從自然資源管理的角度出發,提出 符合澳門現狀,並兼顧藥用植物保育和產業發展的策略。通過文獻蒐集及各地案 例分析的研究方法,提出符合本地藥用植物資源保育前提下的產業化發展可行性 策略。 藥用植物生物多樣性保育及產業可持續發展需以自然資源管理的角度出發, 以達到生態價值、經濟價值和社會價值相結合的可持續發展。本研究通過分析中 國、日本、臺灣三地的藥用植物資源保育和產業發展策略,借鑒適合本地引用的 措施,如中國建立中藥材 GAP 生產基地的標準化生産;日本在土地和藥用植物資 源限制下的引種栽培措施及「藥用植物工廠」生產模式;臺灣生物技術產業的「產 學合作」的完整藥用植物產業鏈模式。 文中第四章分別對澳門藥用植物資源保育及產業發展策略的兩方面進行 析,提出適合本地的就地保育、遷地保育、種質資源庫的保育策略,及發展種子 產業、種苗產業、栽培產業的可行性策略。種子產業發展方面參考了美國的種業 發展模式,藥用植物栽培產業則可在遵循《中藥材生產品質管制規範(GAP)》下, 通過對 GAP 生產基地的選擇,以栽培適生地道藥品種為主,並可利用山林生境發 展藥材林及林藥間作栽培。 澳門的藥用植物資源種質不佳、土地資源缺乏是主要制約因素,GAP 生產基 澳門大學碩士學位論文 地和林藥種植模式也需面對不良環境因數帶來的風險。故第五章的結論為,建藥 用植物工廠」是解決土地資源和品質可控問題的較可行模式,並可嘗試「藥用植 物苗工廠」式的種苗產業,發展適合本澳技術密集和較小規模生產模式的藥用植 物試管苗產業。討論部分則提出了澳門的藥用植物產業發展可遵循「訂立政策法 規、優良種質篩選、種子種苗的繁育培養、小規模的產業化試行、技術轉移、大 規模產業化栽培、本地藥用植物產業」的步驟,並參考政府及研究所負責政策、 種源保育、技術研發、生產試行,然後透過技術移轉上游研究產物至下游產業界 接續產品開發的「官產學研」合作的產業鏈模式。 關鍵字:藥用植物;藥用植物產業;生物多樣性保育;自然資源管理;可持續 發展策略。 iii