Abstract Pharmacy industry, as an important component of national economy, is of significant developing meaning. State Development and Reform Commission proposed clearly a boost of medicine industry development in its "11th Five-Year Plan development guidance of medicine". However, nowadays, while maintaining rapid growth, China's pharmacy industry exposes several serious problems, such as irrational structure and poor creating ability. In order to learn from the successful experience of pharmacy industry development in Europe and the U.S developed areas (herein after referred to as the Western), and explore the motivation of their prosperity and maturity, this paper systematically describes and comparatively analyses the industrial organization of Chinese and the Western pharmacy industry in market structure, market conduct and market performance according to SCP frame in traditional industrial organization theory. In this way, we can find the way to solve the existing problems of China's pharmacy industry and promote its fast emergence and long-term healthy development. This paper first introduces the theory basis of this paper, SCP frame in the traditional industrial structure theory, on which this paper analyze the pharmacy industry organization of China and the Western respectively based. After that, it horizontally compares the two, analyze the differentiation itself and its reason, and submit the suggestion at last. Study shows that great differentiation do exist in three aspects of SCP between China and the Western. From the aspect of market conduct, besides the differentiation caused by R&D investment, the discrepancy of in-and-out barrier shows the inferior law and technology barrier; next, the market conduct differentiation mainly lies in price conduct and organization regulation conduct. China's present medicine price policy limits the research activity and profits. Also, the external industrial environment is not good for the achievement of rationally strategic M&A and cooperation; moreover, seen form the market performance, the good profit of the Western pharmacy industry mainly depends on patent products, with great product differentiation, building on powerful R&D forces behind the development. On the contrary, the small investment in Chinese pharmacy industry resulted in repeated low-level products of similar quality and thus less profits. According to above findings, I believe that the keys to solve present problems existing in pharmacy industry lie in adjustment of the industrial structure, and development of industrial environment. Thus, this paper advises to improve industrial market structure and optimize the allocation of resources; to cultivate a good industrial environment, and encourage company to be advantageous to complement the resources; to improve medicine pricing mechanism, encourage R&D for new medicine and production of quality products. Moreover, enterprises need to increase the investment in R&D, form advantageous R&D field and back-up product line, and strengthen of the pre-M&A assessment and post-M&A integration. KEY WORDS: China, Europe and the U.S, Pharmacy Industry, Industrial Organization, Comparison

摘　要 製藥產業作為國民經濟的重要組成部分，其發展意義重大。國家發改委在“醫藥‘十一五’發展指導意見”中明確提出要大力發展制藥產業。但現階段，中國制藥產業在保持快速發展的同時也暴露出結構不合理、創新能力低下等嚴重問題。學術和實務層皆意識到產業發展的模式會決定其成效的長期性，探究促使制藥產業高速運作和狀況異常的源頭與動力，本文以中國和歐美制藥產業組織研究對象出發，根據傳統產業組織理論中“SCP範式”對市場結構（Structure）、市場行為（Conduct）和市場績效（Performance）三個方面進行了系統地描述和對比分析，以期通過這些分析探討如何解決我國制藥產業所存在的問題，促進我國制藥產業的快速組織和長期健康發展。 本文首先闡述了本文的理論基礎—傳統產業組織理論中的“SCP範式”，以該範式思框架分別對美國和中國制藥產業組織進行系統分析。之後對比兩者在SCP框架下進行構性比較，分析差異及差距形成的原因。 研究發現：中國與歐美制藥業組織在SCP三個方面皆有較大巨大的差距。首先，從市場結構來看，歐美發達投入引起的垄斷型別差明，進入退出機制嚴格具彈性與中國制藥產業法和行政機構垂直控制鬆散低的問題；其次，市場行為的差距主要表現在價格行為和組織聯盟行為上，中國現行的藥品定價政策在很大程度上限制了企業的研發積極性和盈利水平，而對組織聯盟的外部產業環境也並未完全適應企業實現合理的戰略性聯和合作的要求；第三，從市場績效來看，歐美制藥企業盈利狀況良好，主要依靠專利產品獲利，產品差別大，強大的研發力量是背後重要的支撐；而中國制藥企業的研發投入低，產品同質化嚴重，導致低水平重複，因此盈利狀況較差。 根據上述分析結論，本文認爲解決當前制藥產業主要問題的關鍵在於調整產業結構，培養良好的產業環境。因此本文對產業發展提出了改善產業市場結構、優化資源配置；培育良好產業環境，鼓勵行業內企業實現企業資源互補；改進藥品定價機制，鼓勵新藥研發和提升產品生產等建議，並提出企業要加大研發投入，形成以優勢研發策略和後備產品設想以及加強與政府的評估和監督機制的整合等建議。 關鍵字： 中國、歐美、制藥產業、產業組織、比較