Dunhuang Bianwen is important material that reflects the situation oforal Chinese in Wantang Wudai. The article uses static description、 theoryinterpretation、crosswise comparison、 diachronic research to study thepassive voice in Dunhuang Bianwen. At first, the article summarizes briefly all kinds of Chinese passive voice.including passive voice without passive signature、several passive form in common use of ancient Chinese、“Bei”—passive form、several form that emerge of modern Chinese.Especially,thepass1vedevelopment of “Bei”—passive form in modern Chinese is explored in detail. Then, the article summarizes all passive voice in Dunhuang Bianwen. The conclusion is brought forward through analysis: “Bei”—passive sentences are the mainstream, which get 64、1 percent in total; The second are the passive sentences signalized by causative verbs, which get 12、1 percent, In addition to the description of this kind of passive form, the article explored the reason and condition that causative verbs can use in passive sentences; The third is passive voice without passive signature, totally 40 sentences, which get 11、2 percent, its appearance is because of form and meaning; Another kinds of passive form inherit from ancient Chinese get 10、3 percent, except “ Jian”—passive sentences with appearance of doer of action, other kinds of passive form have no development comparing to ancient Chinese and going to disappear; “Chi”—passive sentences and passive sentences with giving verbs have sprouted. “Bei”—passive form has absolute superiority in Dunhuang Bianwen, the fourth chapter studies 229 cases of “Bei”—passive form from the aspect of the subject, “Bei”—object and the predicate. Most of the subjects are the objects of the predicate verb, a few sentences’ predicate are the initiative action of “Bei”—object, which subjects are not the objects of the predicate. The subjects of “Bei”—passive sentences have semantic character of “influenced”. Most of “Bei”—objects are the main body of predicate, a few “Bei”-objects are the instrumental composition, and a case of “Bei”—object as object of predicate verb. The “Bei”—objects have semantic character of “one with responsibility”. As to the predicate, “Bei”—passive sentences with special form of the predicate are listed firstly, then the article analysis “Bei”—passive sentences with single verbs as the predicate. At last “Bei”—passive sentences’ predicate is explored from the aspect of pre-composition which including negate adverb and adverbial modifier, pro-composition which including the object、complement、auxiliary word.

敦煌变文是一部反映晚唐五代时期口语情况的重要资料，本文采用微观透视、横向比较、历时研究的方法对敦煌变文中的被动句加以研究。 文章首先从整体上对汉语中出现的各种被动句加以概述，包括了无被动标记的语意被动句、上古汉语中几种常见的被动句式、“被”字句、以及在近代汉语中新产生的几种被动句式。尤其是对“被”字句更详细论述了这种句式在近代汉语中的发展情况。之后对敦煌变文中出现的357句被动句进行综述，通过分析我们发现“被”字句是在敦煌变文中居于主流的被动句式，占64、1%;其次是由使役动词表示的被动句，占总数的12、1%，文章除了描写出变文中的这种被动句式之外，还从理论上探讨了使役动词可以表示被动的原因和条件；居于第三位的是语意被动句，共有40句，所占比例为11、2%，这种被动句在变文中的出现有形式和内容两方面的原因；从上古汉语中承袭下来的各种被动句式在变文被动句系统中所占比例为10、3%，除了“见”字句中出现了带施事者的新形式之外，其他几种被动句式与上古汉语相比没有什么发展，已经处于逐渐消亡的状态；“吃”字被动句和由给予动词表示的被动句在变文中已经开始出现了萌芽。 被”字句是在敦煌变文中居于绝对优势的被动句式，所以本文第四章从句首主语、“被”字宾语、谓语部分这三个方面对变文中的 229 例“被”字句进行了考察。从句首主语来看，绝大多数“被”字句的句首主语为谓语动词的受事性成分，另外还有一小部分“被”字句中谓语部分是“被”字宾语的自主行为，句首主语不是谓语动词的受事性成分。“被”字句的主语在语义上都具有“受影响”的语义特征。从“被”字宾语来看，绝大多数“被”字宾语为后面谓语部分的主体，一小部分的“被”字宾语为工具性成分，另外还有1例“被”字宾语为谓语动词受事的特例。这些“被”字宾语在语义上都具有“责任者”的语义特征。本文在论述“被”字句的谓语部分时首先列举了变文中谓语部分为特殊形式的“被”字句，之后对变文中出现的谓语部分由单纯谓词充当的“被字句进行了分析，最后从谓语部分的前加成分否定副词、状语，后续成分宾语补语、助词等几个方面对“被”字句的谓语部分进行了考察。